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Radical feminism is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical reordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all social and economic contexts.〔Willis, p. 117.〕 Radical feminists seek to abolish patriarchy by challenging existing social norms and institutions, rather than through a purely political process. This includes challenging the notion of traditional gender roles, opposing the sexual objectification of women, and raising public awareness about rape and violence against women. Early radical feminism, arising within second-wave feminism in the 1960s,〔Willis, p. 118.〕 typically viewed patriarchy as a "transhistorical phenomenon"〔Willis, p. 122.〕 prior to or deeper than other sources of oppression, "not only the oldest and most universal form of domination but the primary form"〔Willis, p. 123.〕 and the model for all others.〔 Later politics derived from radical feminism ranged from cultural feminism〔 to more syncretic politics that placed issues of class, economics, etc. on a par with patriarchy as sources of oppression.〔Willis, p. 141.〕 Radical feminists locate the root cause of women's oppression in patriarchal gender relations, as opposed to legal systems (as in liberal feminism) or class conflict (as in anarchist feminism, socialist feminism, and Marxist feminism). == Theory and ideology == Radical feminists assert that society is a patriarchy in which the class of men are the oppressors of the class of women.〔Echols, p. 139.〕 They posit that because of patriarchy, women have come to be viewed as the "other" to the male norm and as such have been systematically oppressed and marginalized; they furthermore assert that men as a class benefit from the oppression of women. Radical feminists seek to abolish patriarchy, and believe that the way to do this and to deal with oppression of any kind is to address the underlying causes of it through revolution. While some radical feminists propose that the oppression of women is the most fundamental form of oppression, one that cuts across boundaries of all other forms of oppression, others acknowledge the simultaneous and intersecting effect of other independent categories of oppression. These other categories of oppression may include, but are not limited to, oppression based on race, social class, perceived attractiveness, sexual orientation, and ability. Patriarchal theory is not generally defined as a belief that all men always benefit from the oppression of all women. Rather, patriarchal theory maintains that the primary element of patriarchy is a relationship of dominance, where one party is dominant and exploits the other party for the benefit of the former. Radical feminists believe that men (as a class) use social systems and other methods of control to keep women (and non-dominant men) suppressed. Radical feminists also believe that eliminating patriarchy, and other systems which perpetuate the domination of one group over another, will liberate everyone from an unjust society. Some radical feminists called〔Zerilli, Linda M. G., ''Feminism and the Abyss of Freedom'' (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2005 (ISBN 0-226-98133-9)), p. 101. Eller, Cynthia, ''The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory: Why an Invented Past Won't Give Women a Future'' (Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 2000 (ISBN 0-8070-6792-X)), p. 3.〕 for women to govern women and men, among them Phyllis Chesler,〔Chesler, Phyllis, ''Women and Madness'' (N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, rev'd & updated ed., 1st ed. 2005 (ISBN 1-4039-6897-7)), pp. 335–336, 337–338, 340, 341, 345, 346, 347, & 348–349 (original ed. prob. published 1972, per ''id.'', p. () ("''1972 Acknowledgments''") (sales 2.5 million copies, per ''id.'' (pbk.), cover I, & Douglas, Carol Anne, Women and Madness, in ''off our backs'', ''op. cit.''). Douglas, Carol Anne, ''Women and Madness'', in ''off our backs'', vol. 36, no. 2, Jul. 1, 2006, p. 71, col. 1 (''Review'') (ISSN 0030-0071). Spender, Dale, ''For the Record: The Making and Meaning of Feminist Knowledge'' (London: The Women's Press, 1985 (ISBN 0-7043-2862-3)), p. 151 and see reply from Phyllis Chesler to author at p. 214.〕 Monique Wittig (in fiction),〔Wittig, Monique, trans. David Le Vay, ''Les Guérillères'' (Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, reprint 1985 (ISBN 0-8070-6301-0), 1969 Les Editions de Minuit), ''passim'' and see pp. 112, 114–115, 127, 131, & 134–135 (novel). Moi, Toril, ''Sexual/Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory'' (London: Routledge, 2d ed., 2002 (ISBN 0-415-28012-5)), p. 78. Auerbach, Nina, ''Communities of Women: An Idea in Fiction'' (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1978 (ISBN 0-674-15168-2)), p. 186. Porter, Laurence M., ''Feminist Fantasy and Open Structure in Monique Wittig's Les Guérillères'', in Morse, Donald E., Marshall B. Tymn, & Csilla Bertha, eds., ''The Celebration of the Fantastic: Selected Papers from the Tenth Anniversary International Conference on the Fantastic in the Arts'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1992 (ISBN 0-313-27814-8)), p. 267. Zerilli, Linda M. G., ''Feminism and the Abyss of Freedom'', ''op. cit.'', p. 80 n. 51, quoting Porter, Laurence M., ''Feminist Fantasy and Open Structure in Monique Wittig's Les Guérillères'', ''op. cit.'', p. ().〕 Mary Daly,〔Daly, Mary, ''Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism'' (Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, pbk. 1978 & 1990 (prob. all content except ''New Intergalactic Introduction'' 1978 & prob. ''New Intergalactic Introduction'' 1990) (ISBN 0-8070-1413-3)), p. 15 and see pp. xxvi & xxxiii (both in ''New Intergalactic Introduction'') & pp. 29, 375 & fnn., & 384 (''New Intergalactic Introduction'' separate from ''Introduction: The Metapatriarchal Journey of Exorcism and Ecstasy'').〕 Jill Johnston,〔Johnston, Jill, ''Lesbian Nation: The Feminist Solution'' (N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, 1973 (SBN (not ISBN) 671-21433-0)), p. 248 and see pp. 248–249. (Franklin, Kris, & Sara E. Chinn, ''Lesbians, Legal Theory and Other Superheroes'', in ''Review of Law & Social Change'', vol. XXV, 1999, pp. 310–311 ), as accessed Oct. 21, 2010 (citing in n. 45 ''Lesbian Nation'', p. 15)). Ross, Becki L., ''The House That Jill Built: A Lesbian Nation in Formation'' (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, pbk. 1995 (ISBN 0-8020-7479-0)), ''passim'', esp. pp. 8 & 15–16 & also pp. 19, 71, 111, 204, 205, 212, 219, & 231. Ross, Becki L., ''The House That Jill Built'', ''op. cit.'', p. 204 & n. 18, citing McCoy, Sherry, & Maureen Hicks, ''A Psychological Retrospective on Power in the Contemporary Lesbian-Feminist Community'', in ''Frontiers'', vol. 4, no. 3 (1979), p. 67.〕 and Robin Morgan.〔Morgan, Robin, ''Going Too Far: The Personal Chronicle of a Feminist'' (N.Y.: Random House, 1st ed. 1977 (ISBN 0-394-48227-1)), p. 187.〕 Redstockings co-founder Ellen Willis wrote in 1984 that radical feminists "got sexual politics recognized as a public issue,"〔 "created the vocabulary... with which the second wave of feminism entered popular culture,"〔 "sparked the drive to legalize abortion",〔 "were the first to demand total equality in the so-called private sphere"〔 ("housework and child care ... emotional and sexual needs"),〔 and "created the atmosphere of urgency"〔 that almost led to the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment.〔 The influence of radical feminism can be seen in the adoption of these issues by the National Organization for Women (NOW), a feminist group that had previously been focused almost entirely on economic issues.〔Willis, p. 138.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Radical feminism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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